http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&feed=atom&action=historyJanine Baranski - Revision history2024-03-29T05:34:39ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.24.2http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=281003&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication */2012-06-26T18:07:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Plesser, R. (03/0). cyber.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Presser article--redacted.htm  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Plesser, R. (03/0). cyber.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Presser article--redacted.htm  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Terrel, E. (2004). ''Berkman center for internet & society.'' Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Introduction to Module V.htm</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Terrel, E. (2004). ''Berkman center for internet & society.'' Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Introduction to Module V.htm</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The foreign intelligence surveillance act.'' (2011, November 17). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The foreign intelligence surveillance act.'' (2011, November 17). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act</div></td></tr>
</table>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=281002&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication */2012-06-26T18:06:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another way the government can legally obtain private information is via a warrant. The USA PATRIOT act extended law enforcement’s abilities to get warrants. Normally, a search warrant can only be validated by a judge in the area where the search will occur. Under the USA PATRIOT act, warrants related to investigations of terrorism may be issued by any judge, anywhere. As stated earlier, in order to gain access to email, as of the USA PATRIOT act, only a search warrant is needed to obtain the email. Now that search warrants can be obtained from any judge, it is more difficult as the suspect to challenge the search since you would have to get a lawyer from the state the warrant was issued from (Terrel, 2004). Sections 219 and 220 cover some changes to warrant issuing procedure. Section 219 is the section that allows federal judges to issue these “nationwide search warrants for investigations involving domestic or international terrorism.” This section does not sunset. Section 220 allows a search warrant for stored data to be valid anywhere in the United States (Plesser, 03/0).  One other type of warrant procedure that the USA PATRIOT act modified is called a sneak and peak warrant. A sneak and peek warrant is “one in which the government obtains a warrant and executes it without providing notice or providing a delayed notice to the target.” Usually law enforcement is legally required to provide notice to the target of the search before executing the warrant. There is an exception to this rule when law enforcement has reason to believe that someone, either the target himself or another person, will be harmed if the target is warned. As of Section 213, law enforcement only needs to show that giving the target notice of the search will jeopardize the investigation and they need not give it. Section 213 does not sunset (Terrel, 2004). Thus, email communication could potentially be read without the target’s knowledge if law enforcement feels that knowledge will jeopardize the investigation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another way the government can legally obtain private information is via a warrant. The USA PATRIOT act extended law enforcement’s abilities to get warrants. Normally, a search warrant can only be validated by a judge in the area where the search will occur. Under the USA PATRIOT act, warrants related to investigations of terrorism may be issued by any judge, anywhere. As stated earlier, in order to gain access to email, as of the USA PATRIOT act, only a search warrant is needed to obtain the email. Now that search warrants can be obtained from any judge, it is more difficult as the suspect to challenge the search since you would have to get a lawyer from the state the warrant was issued from (Terrel, 2004). Sections 219 and 220 cover some changes to warrant issuing procedure. Section 219 is the section that allows federal judges to issue these “nationwide search warrants for investigations involving domestic or international terrorism.” This section does not sunset. Section 220 allows a search warrant for stored data to be valid anywhere in the United States (Plesser, 03/0).  One other type of warrant procedure that the USA PATRIOT act modified is called a sneak and peak warrant. A sneak and peek warrant is “one in which the government obtains a warrant and executes it without providing notice or providing a delayed notice to the target.” Usually law enforcement is legally required to provide notice to the target of the search before executing the warrant. There is an exception to this rule when law enforcement has reason to believe that someone, either the target himself or another person, will be harmed if the target is warned. As of Section 213, law enforcement only needs to show that giving the target notice of the search will jeopardize the investigation and they need not give it. Section 213 does not sunset (Terrel, 2004). Thus, email communication could potentially be read without the target’s knowledge if law enforcement feels that knowledge will jeopardize the investigation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The USA PATRIOT act made one final change to a federal law that clarifies procedure in the case of a subpoena or a warrant being issued to a cable company. The Cable Act was passed in 1984 and it originally protected cable companies from having to disclose customer records even if law enforcement provided warrants or subpoenas. The company would often notify the customer that law enforcement had made the request for the information. A hearing would then be held in which the government had to give reason for gaining access to the records. Once cable companies began to provide internet service, this procedure applied to internet records as well. Section 211 removes this policy and there is no sunset provision for this section. Cable companies must disclose information in regard to internet services when issued a warrant or a subpoena by law enforcement (Terrel, 2004). This section cleared up a lot of confusion that came about when cable companies started providing internet service. Now they know how to react when law enforcement arrives with surveillance requests (Plesser, 03/0).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Although much of the Patriot act sunset in 2005, some sections are still in effect today. Section 224 listed the exceptions of the sunset. These exceptions still require service providers to provide bank and credit card numbers when subpoenaed, require cable companies to behave like other ISPs when issued subpoenas or warrants, allow pen registers to be used on internet traffic, allows nationwide warrants in terrorist investigations and does not require ISPs to store extra data in the event of a police investigation (Plesser, 03/0). These sections clearly still affect internet communication privacy but in a less obvious way, the other sections play their own part in the history of the digital age. Even though many of these sections are no longer valid, these laws may become reinstated in the future. As seen throughout the history of the digital age, ideas of the past can inspire norms of the future. If there were to be another terrorist attack, laws that proved useful from 2001 until 2005 may not sunset again. The Patriot act was an important stage in the development of government regulation of the internet. It addressed monitoring criminal activity online, which is important. We need our law enforcement to be able to investigate online as well as crime scenes but it is important that the privacy of individuals is also protected. As in a physical search, it is important that the police cannot just read our emails whenever they want. The Patriot act did attempt to protect the privacy of the individual without compromising the safety of all.</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=281001&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication */2012-06-26T17:42:49Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication</span></span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''Pen register.'' (2011, December 17). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_register</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Plesser, R. (03/0). cyber.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Presser article--redacted.htm  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Plesser, R. (03/0). cyber.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Presser article--redacted.htm  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The foreign intelligence surveillance act.'' (2011, November 17). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''The foreign intelligence surveillance act.'' (2011, November 17). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act</div></td></tr>
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</table>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=281000&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication */2012-06-26T17:42:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication</span></span></p>
<a href="http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=281000&oldid=280988">Show changes</a>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=280988&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication */2012-06-25T21:26:27Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication</span></span></p>
<a href="http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=280988&oldid=280985">Show changes</a>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=280985&oldid=prevBarans11 at 20:10, 25 June 20122012-06-25T20:10:29Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Ted Nelson discovers hypertext.'' (2000). Retrieved from http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_nelson.htm  ("Ted Nelson discovers," 2000)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Ted Nelson discovers hypertext.'' (2000). Retrieved from http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_nelson.htm  ("Ted Nelson discovers," 2000)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Wiki Article: The Patriot Act Changed the Security of Online Communication==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The creation of the internet and the World Wide Web introduce a new way for people from anywhere in the world to communicate their ideas across to anywhere else in the world in seconds. Mail and travel were no longer the best way to send information. Unfortunately this communication can also be used by those who wish the United States harm. Our government wrote the USA PATRIOT act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism; USAPA) after the terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001. It was passed on October 26th, 2001. Because the act passed so quickly, many sections of the Patriot act sunset in 2005. Some sections of the USA PATRIOT act are still in effect today and those sections that sunset, set a precedent for future laws and generations to come forever changing the security of online communication (Terrel, 2004).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Before the USA PATRIOT act, searches and surveillance of foreign entities was controlled by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Enacted in 1978, FISA could conduct surveillance of foreign entities for the purpose of gathering intelligence information without probable cause and therefore FISA resources could not be used in criminal investigations. FISA has its own secret court that governs its decisions; this makes it nearly impossible for the target of a FISA search or wiretap to challenge it. American citizens were protected from FISA searches however. Under USA PATRIOT, FISA can conduct surveillance for a criminal investigation without probable cause. These investigations could involve surveillance of American citizens (Terrel, 2004). Section 215 of USAPA changes who FISA can subpoena for business records. There used to be only certain categories of businesses that could be subpoenaed but now any person can be. It also ensures immunity to the business for good faith disclosures of the information. Section 225 provides immunity to service providers for complying with FISA wiretaps. Both of these provisions protect service providers from civil liabilities (Plesser, 03/0).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A major concern people may have about government surveillance on the internet is whether or not the government can access the content of our communication or view what website we visit and what we do on them. In general under USAPA if the government is allowed access to content it must be part of a criminal investigation. One section of the USAPA that deals with content privacy is section 202, Interception of Voice Communications and Stored Voice Mail. Prior to USAPA, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act dictated that both a search warrant and a wiretap order were required for the government to access stored email communications. Under USAPA email communications can be accessed with only a search warrant (Terrel, 2004). Section 202 helps service providers defend against hackers, denial of service attacks and other Computer Fraud and Abuse Act violations (Plesser, 03/0). Service providers can also choose to help out criminal investigations by voluntarily disclosing private information, including content (Terrel, 2004). Section 212 allows this disclosure to happen when the service provider believes that someone is in immediate danger of death or serious physical injury. USAPA, via section 222, also makes a point of saying that although service providers can help with criminal investigations they are not required to reconfigure their systems to store internet protocol traffic (Plesser, 3/0).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Other types of survelience are not intended to gain access to content, for example one way the government conducts surveillance is to obtain a pen register and trap or trace (pen/trap) order. These orders originally gave law enforcement access to phone information but now, as of section 216 of USAPA, include routing information. Before USAPA, the pen/trap was required to be used for gathering information against a subject in a criminal investigation involving international terrorism or intelligence. Now the information gathered only needs to be relevant to a criminal investigation. USAPA says that the contents of communication are not included in the information that can be gathered my pen/trap orders. The routing information gathered also includes what websites were visited and what the user did on those websites. The police officer has to use discretion and ignore the extra information. Another issue with these orders is that when the ISP gives information of all the users of that ISP, not only the suspect. Again the police officer is expected to use discretion (Terrel, 2004). USAPA also allows courts to issues pen/trap orders for any jurisdiction. Law enforcement use "Carnivore" devices to gather the information from ISPs. Under USAPA law enforcement must make reports to the court when they use these devices.  Section 216 is one of the sections that has no sunset clause. Section 223 covers the government’s liability for disclosing information gained from wiretaps and stored data that are not a part of the investigation. This section prohibits civil lawsuits against the federal government as a whole but does not prevent them against individual agents who inappropriately disclose information (Plesser, 03/0). Thus USAPA attempts to set clear guidelines for law enforcement. They must use discretion with unrelated information gained from surveillance and there are consequences if this discretion is not used.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Another aspect of the government gaining access of private information over the internet has to do with how they gain the permission to access the information in the first place. For example law enforcement can subpoena servers and force them to provide evidence. USAPA changed laws regarding subpoenas. Before section 210 of USAPA, the subpoena could force the server to provide the customer’s name, address, length of service and method of payment but it did not compel them to provide credit card numbers or bank account numbers. Section 210 does compel them to provide that information (Terrel, 2004). The credit card and bank account numbers need to be used to pay for communication services however. They cannot be payment information temporarily stored on the system (Plesser, 03/0).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The Cable Act was passed in 1984 and it originally protected cable companies from having to disclose customer records even if law enforcement provided warrants or subpoenas. They would often notify the customer that law enforcement had made the request for the information. A hearing would then be held in which the government had to give reason for gaining access to the records. Once cable companies began to provide internet service, this procedure applied to internet records as well. Section 211 removes this policy. Cable companies must disclose information in regard to internet services (Terrel, 2004). This section cleared up a lot of confusion that came about when cable companies started providing internet service. Now cable ISPs know how to react when law enforcement arrives with surveillance requests (Plesser, 03/0).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Works Cited'''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Plesser, R. (03/0). cyber.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Presser article--redacted.htm </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Terrel, E. (2004). ''Berkman center for internet & society.'' Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/privacy/Introduction to Module V.htm</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=280874&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext */2012-06-18T21:35:25Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:35, 18 June 2012</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references (hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence." ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references (hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence." ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea of hypertext was inspired by Vannevar Bush's "As We May Think" which described a futuristic device, a Memex, that was an extensive archive of microfilms. The Memex would have been able to store and index information, books, and documents so that the user could recall the information quickly. It introduced the idea of linking content together.("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea of hypertext was inspired by Vannevar Bush's <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">article </ins>"As We May Think" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">written in 1945, </ins>which described a futuristic device, a Memex, that was an extensive archive of microfilms. The Memex would have been able to store and index information, books, and documents so that the user could recall the information quickly. It introduced the idea of linking content together.("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The term hypertext was coined by a man named Ted Nelson in 1963. While attending Harvard University's graduate program <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in 1960</del>, Nelson took a computer programming course.  After this course he wanted to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">write </del>a system that would organize and index his notes. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He </del>later popularized hypertext in his book "Literary Machines". In this book he described a system where all data was stored in one place and never deleted. This information could be accessed, through a link, from anywhere. Nelson began Project Xanadu in 1967. It would make it possible for anyone to reference anything as long as the reference came from the original source, solving copyright control problems. It <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was never fully completed however</del>. ("Ted Nelson discovers," 2000)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The term hypertext was coined by a man named Ted Nelson in 1963<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Nelson became a film maker after he attended Swarthmore College in the 1950’s. He attended graduate school first at the University of Chicago in 1959 and then at Harvard in 1960</ins>. While attending Harvard University's graduate program, Nelson took a computer programming course.  After this course he wanted to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">create </ins>a system that would organize and index his notes. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Inspired by Vannevar's notion of linking content, he </ins>later popularized <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the idea of </ins>hypertext in his book "Literary Machines". In this book he described a system<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, a "docuverse," </ins>where all data was stored in one place and never deleted. This information could be accessed, through a link, from anywhere. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Later, </ins>Nelson began Project Xanadu in 1967. It would <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">potentially </ins>make it possible for anyone to reference anything as long as the reference came from the original source, solving copyright control problems. It <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">has not been implemented successfully to date</ins>. ("Ted Nelson discovers," 2000)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hypertext was first successfully implemented by Douglas Engelbart. His NLS (oNLine System) eased the creation of digital libraries and storage and retrieval of electron documents via hypertext. (Griffin) Other hypertext projects followed including NoteCards at Xerox PARC, ZOB at Carnegie Melon, The Interactive Encyclopedia System (TIES) at the University of Maryland, and Intermedia at Brown University. There were a few experimental hypertext systems in the 1980's but the first hypertext system successfully used on personal computers was Guide. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hypertext was first successfully implemented by Douglas Engelbart <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(the inventor of the computer mouse)</ins>. His NLS (oNLine System) eased the creation of digital libraries and storage and retrieval of electron documents via hypertext. (Griffin) Other hypertext projects followed including NoteCards at Xerox PARC, ZOB at Carnegie Melon, The Interactive Encyclopedia System (TIES) at the University of Maryland, and Intermedia at Brown University. There were a few experimental hypertext systems in the 1980's but the first hypertext system successfully used on personal computers was Guide. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the 1980's Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, used hypertext to give structure to the internet, inventing the World Wide Web. This greatly improved the ease of using the internet to share information. Once the Web was invented internet browsers began to connect the Web to the internet. In 1992, Lynx began doing just that. Lynx was soon replaced by Mosaic in 1993 because it could link both graphics and texts. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the 1980's Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, used hypertext to give structure to the internet, inventing the World Wide Web. This greatly improved the ease of using the internet to share information. Once the Web was invented internet browsers began to connect the Web to the internet. In 1992, Lynx began doing just that. Lynx was soon replaced by Mosaic in 1993 because it could link both graphics and texts. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hypertext was a very important step in the history of the digital age. Today most people do not even realize that the World Wide Web and the internet are two different things. Without hypertext the structure and use of the internet would be different from what we use today. It created a way to share and reference information <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that is </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lot more convenient</del>.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hypertext was a very important step in the history of the digital age. Today most people do not even realize that the World Wide Web and the internet are two different things<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. We cannot imagine using the internet without the Web</ins>. Without hypertext the structure and use of the internet would be different from what we use today. It created a way to share and reference information <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">practical way that almost anyone can use</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Works Cited'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Works Cited'''</div></td></tr>
</table>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=280872&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext */2012-06-18T21:18:57Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:18, 18 June 2012</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references to other <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test </del>that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence." ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(hyperlinks) </ins>to other <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">text </ins>that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence." ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea of hypertext was inspired by Vannevar Bush's "As We May Think" which described a futuristic device, a Memex, that was an extensive archive of microfilms. The Memex would have been able to store and index information, books, and documents so that the user could recall the information quickly. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea of hypertext was inspired by Vannevar Bush's "As We May Think" which described a futuristic device, a Memex, that was an extensive archive of microfilms. The Memex would have been able to store and index information, books, and documents so that the user could recall the information quickly<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. It introduced the idea of linking content together</ins>.("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The term hypertext was coined by a man named Ted Nelson in 1963. While attending Harvard University's graduate program in 1960, Nelson took a computer programming course.  After this course he wanted to write a system that would organize and index his notes. He popularized hypertext in his book "Literary Machines". In this book he described a system where all data was stored in one place and never deleted. This information could be accessed, through a link, from anywhere. Nelson<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'s </del>Project Xanadu <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">made </del>it possible for anyone to reference anything as long as the reference came from the original source. ("Ted Nelson discovers," 2000)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The term hypertext was coined by a man named Ted Nelson in 1963. While attending Harvard University's graduate program in 1960, Nelson took a computer programming course.  After this course he wanted to write a system that would organize and index his notes. He <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">later </ins>popularized hypertext in his book "Literary Machines". In this book he described a system where all data was stored in one place and never deleted. This information could be accessed, through a link, from anywhere. Nelson <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">began </ins>Project Xanadu <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in 1967. It would make </ins>it possible for anyone to reference anything as long as the reference came from the original source<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, solving copyright control problems. It was never fully completed however</ins>. ("Ted Nelson discovers," 2000)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hypertext was first successfully implemented by Douglas Engelbart. His NLS (oNLine System) eased the creation of digital libraries and storage and retrieval of electron documents via hypertext. (Griffin)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hypertext was first successfully implemented by Douglas Engelbart. His NLS (oNLine System) eased the creation of digital libraries and storage and retrieval of electron documents via hypertext. (Griffin) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Other </ins>hypertext <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">projects followed including NoteCards at Xerox PARC</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ZOB at Carnegie Melon, The Interactive Encyclopedia System (TIES) at </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">University of Maryland, and Intermedia at Brown University</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There were a few experimental hypertext systems in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1980's but </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first hypertext system successfully used on personal computers was Guide</ins>. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In the 1980's Tim Berners-Lee used </del>hypertext <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to give structure to the internet</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">inventing </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">World Wide Web</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This greatly improved </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ease of using </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">internet to share information</del>. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In the 1980's Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, used hypertext to give structure to the internet, inventing the World Wide Web. This greatly improved the ease of using the internet to share information. Once the Web was invented internet browsers began to connect the Web to the internet. In 1992, Lynx began doing just that. Lynx was soon replaced by Mosaic in 1993 because it could link both graphics and texts. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hypertext was a very important step in the history of the digital age. Today most people do not even realize that the World Wide Web and the internet are two different things. Without hypertext the structure and use of the internet would be different from what we use today. It created a way to share and reference information that is a lot more convenient. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Works Cited'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Works Cited'''</div></td></tr>
</table>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=280868&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext */2012-06-18T02:34:07Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:34, 18 June 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references to other test that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence." ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references to other test that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence." ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The idea of hypertext was inspired by Vannevar Bush's "As We May Think" which described a futuristic device, a Memex, that was an extensive archive of microfilms. The Memex would have been able to store and index information, books, and documents so that the user could recall the information quickly. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The term hypertext was coined by a man named Ted Nelson in 1963. While attending Harvard University's graduate program in 1960, Nelson took a computer programming course.  After this course he wanted to write a system that would organize and index his notes. He popularized hypertext in his book "Literary Machines". In this book he described a system where all data was stored in one place and never deleted. This information could be accessed, through a link, from anywhere. Nelson's Project Xanadu made it possible for anyone to reference anything as long as the reference came from the original source. ("Ted Nelson discovers," 2000)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hypertext was first successfully implemented by Douglas Engelbart. His NLS (oNLine System) eased the creation of digital libraries and storage and retrieval of electron documents via hypertext. (Griffin)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In the 1980's Tim Berners-Lee used hypertext to give structure to the internet, inventing the World Wide Web. This greatly improved the ease of using the internet to share information. ("History of hypertext," 2012)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Works Cited'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Works Cited'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Griffin, S. (n.d.). ''Internet pioneers: Doug <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">engelbart</del>.'' Retrieved from http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/englebart.html  (Griffin)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Griffin, S. (n.d.). ''Internet pioneers: Doug <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Engelbart</ins>.'' Retrieved from http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/englebart.html  (Griffin)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''History of hypertext.'' (2012, June 13). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hypertext  ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''History of hypertext.'' (2012, June 13). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hypertext  ("History of hypertext," 2012)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Ted <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nelson </del>discovers hypertext.'' (2000). Retrieved from http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_nelson.htm  ("Ted <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nelson </del>discovers," 2000)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Ted <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nelson </ins>discovers hypertext.'' (2000). Retrieved from http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_nelson.htm  ("Ted <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nelson </ins>discovers," 2000)</div></td></tr>
</table>Barans11http://hst250.history.msu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Janine_Baranski&diff=280867&oldid=prevBarans11: /* Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext */2012-06-18T02:14:01Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:14, 18 June 2012</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Wiki Entry #3: Hypertext==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references to other test that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence." ("History of hypertext," 2012)</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Barans11